In such cases you can provide just the author’s last name, the title (shortened if longer than four words), and a page reference:ġ. Sources that are cited multiple times can be shortened after the first citation.

The basic format of a citation thus includes an author, title, and publication information. “Conservative Politics and the Slippery Slope Argument.” Old Fashioned Quarterly 99, no. 1 (Winter 2017): 78.īy contrast, in your final bibliography you would use periods, invert the name, and either leave out the page or (for some citations) give the full page range: Jennifer Trip, “Conservative Politics and the Slippery Slope Argument,” Old Fashioned Quarterly 99, no. When you cite a source in a footnote, the key elements (author, title, etc.) are separated by commas:ġ. Do note that in unpublished manuscripts you are allowed to use superscript in the notes (see section 14.24), so if you’re writing an essay for your teacher you don’t have to worry about the last style rule.

Change the format of the numbering in the footnotes so that the numbers are not in superscript.įor help with these formatting rules, please watch the video above.

Add a period behind the numbers that start the footnotes.

Single space your footnotes, but add a space between each one.

Indent the first line of each footnote one tab space.

One annoying feature about CMS is that it can be tricky to format your footnotes properly in Microsoft Word. Note as well that you should never insert multiple footnotes right after each other.

The only time a footnote number comes before the punctuation is if you’re using a dash. In MS Word, go to References > Insert Footnote.Īndrew Appleby notes that “shaving one’s arm pit hair is a surprisingly recent custom.”¹Īda Lovelace is often credited with envisioning the computer ¹ less attention has been paid to her tumultuous personal life. Footnotes Inserting Footnotesįootnotes are normally inserted at the end of a sentence or clause. Our primary focus will be on the rules for footnotes, but we will provide some guidance for endnotes as well. The Chicago Manual of Style (17 th ed.) recommends using footnotes or endnotes to cite your sources.

What is endnote vs footnote